4/15/2023 0 Comments Imperial glory routes![]() ![]() Footnote 3 Other examples include the expansion of markets, trade, and specialization that occurred in China during the Song Dynasty, notably thanks to an extensive network of canals and waterways, and the lucrative trade in furs, silver and silk between the East and the West, which was made possible by the Vikings taking control of the Russian river systems. The Byzantine Empire organized trade across the Mediterranean and the Black Sea using imperial monopolies, strict controls, and written trade agreements known as Chrysobull. The conquests of the Mongol Empire, for example, stabilized long-distance trade across Central Asia during a century known as Pax Mongolica. Before long, this “coalition of the willing” evolved into the Athenian Empire.įindlay and O’Rourke ( 2009) provide many other instances of how facilitating trade was central to empires. Other states in the region were just as dependent on the trade with Pontus, and were, therefore, prepared to contribute to the costs of Athenian naval operations. This, in turn, meant keeping open those narrowest of choke points: the Dardanelles (to the Greeks, the Hellespont) and the Bosphorus. The Spartans and their allies looked west to Sicily, but the Athenians increasingly relied on access to the breadbasket of Pontus (modern Ukraine). Low rainfall and a mountainous topography made it impossible for farmers to produce enough grain for a growing and increasingly city-based population. The Athenians were driven by the dictates of trade to create, first, a powerful navy, and then, an empire. ![]() For instance, in its review of Bernstein ( 2008), The Economist ( 2008) explains how the Athenian Empire was established to secure food trade: Footnote 2 Throughout history, many empires were essentially about facilitating trade. Imperial capital can be thought of as norms, institutions, and networks that emerged during empires to facilitate trade and that may outlive empires. To that end, we collect novel data on 5000 years of imperial history, construct a measure of accumulated imperial capital between countries, and estimate its relationship with trade patterns today. The aim of this paper is to uncover how the rise and fall of empires throughout history, from the Afsharid Dynasty to the British Empire, still influence world trade. Another example is Wahl ( 2017) who argues that the persistence of Roman roads explains part of the development advantage of the formerly Roman parts of Germany. the series of conquests that led to the fall of the last Islamic state in Spain in the 15th century, explains differences in Spanish regional economic development today. For instance, Oto-Peralías and Romero-Ávila ( 2016) show how the Reconquista, i.e. The long-run persistence of such historical episodes has been the focus of a new strand of literature in economics. Today’s countries emerged from hundreds of years of conquests, alliances, and downfalls of empires. The greatest expansions of world trade have tended to come not from the bloodless tâtonnement of some fictional Walrasian auctioneer but from the barrel of a Maxim gun, the edge of a scimitar, or the ferocity of nomadic horsemen.įindlay and O’Rourke in Power and Plenty (2007) ![]()
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